Individual Development Can Improve the Quality of Learners

BY: Muhammad dzafa fathurrohman

CHEMISTRY EDUCATION STUDENT

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING

UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA

    Individual development is a pattern of movement or dynamic change that begins at conception and continues throughout the course of human life. experience (Rice, 2002; Hurlock, 1991). Hurlock (1991) asserts that there are two opposing processes in development that occur simultaneously and in sync throughout life: expansion, sometimes known as evolution, and decline, also known as involution. Involution, or backward modification, plays a more significant role towards the end of life than evolution does at the beginning. stance towards The way we look and act, cultural stereotypes, cultural beliefs, shifts in our personal roles, and experience all affect how we grow. One aim of this transformation is to enable people to adapt to their environment in order to maintain optimal physical and psychological health and to conform to the norms of society.

    Changes in individual development are the result of interrelated biological, cognitive and socio-emotional processes. Maturity is the result of biological processes, which change the physical characteristics of a person as they grow older. Whereas socio-emotional processes include changes in an individual's relationships with other people as well as changes in emotions and personality, cognitive processes include changes in thinking, intelligence and language.

    Throughout an individual's life, these three forces interact. Human life moves through cycles as a result of the interaction of these processes. In general, specialists divide development into several phases known as developmental stages to make it easier to understand and organise information (Santrock, 1995). The prenatal period, infancy, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and old age are the phases of development, in that order.

    Two words often used in the study of individual development are growth (pertumbuhan) and development (perkembangan). Development is used to describe qualitative (psychological) features, whereas growth refers to quantitative (physical) increase. The psychological and the physical are bound to each other in the study of human life. It may be difficult to distinguish between growth and development. Usually, these words are used to indicate various kinds of gradual change.

The difference between development and growth is more specific:

1. Growth is more quantitative in nature and has a physical component.

    Examples include measurements of body size and weight, the dimensions of body cells, and     bone age.

1. Development: relates to the maturation of the function of certain organs and is usually more qualitative in nature.

     Examples:

1. More sophisticated physical structure and function with an orderly pattern of abilities, such as the development of language, emotion, cognition and behaviour

2. The period from early childhood to adulthood. We can observe that as children develop, they differ from infants, but there are also changes in form and structure. Therefore, the form of an infant differs from that of a baby (not a big baby). A child's hands may already be used to feed themselves, which is one way the child's body changes as they grow up and learn.

    The assessment and application of developmental psychology include consideration of student growth. The development of individual students in educational institutions is the main emphasis of coursework. In this book, the author tries to understand development from the perspective of the human life span (Life-Span Development) based on the views of Paul Baltes (in Pappalia, 2004 and Santrock, 1995). The author is the compiler of the Student Development content. Human development over the course of a person's life aims to explain, predict and have influence over the changes that occur from conception to adulthood. From this point of view, the main goal is to help individuals lead meaningful and productive lives.